Russian revolution

Russian revolution

e-Dura - 'Cyborg' spinal implant finally available to help paralysed people walk again

Paralysed patients have been given new hope of recovery after rats with severe spinal injuries walked again through a ‘groundbreaking’ new cyborg-style implant.

In technology which could have come straight out of a science fiction novel or Hollwood movie, French scientists have created a thin prosthetic ribbon, embedded with electrodes, which lies along the spinal cord and delivers electrical impulses and drugs.

The prosthetic, described by British experts as ‘quite remarkable’, is soft enough to bend with tissue surrounding the backbone to avoid discomfort.

Paralysed rats who were fitted with the implant were able to walk on their own again after just a few weeks of training.

Researchers at the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne are hoping to move to clinical trials in humans soon. They believe that a device could last 10 years in humans before needing to be replaced.

The implant, called ‘e-Dura’, is so effective because it mimics the soft tissue around the spine – known as the dura mater – so that the body does not reject its presence.

“Our e-Dura implant can remain for a long period of time on the spinal cord or cortex,” said Professor Stéphanie Lacour.

“This opens up new therapeutic possibilities for patients suffering from neurological trauma or disorders, particularly individuals who have become paralyzed following spinal cord injury.”

Previous experiments had shown that chemicals and electrodes implanted in the spine could take on the role of the brain and stimulate nerves, causing the rats' legs to move involuntarily when they were placed on a treadmill.

But this is the first study to show a simple gadget can help rats walk again and be tolerated by the body.

Scientists have struggled to find a device which will sit next to the spine or brain because both are surrounded by a protective envelope of tissue which the hard surface of implants can rub against, causing inflammation and scar tissue.

However the new gadget is flexible and stretchy enough that it can be placed directly onto the spinal cord. It closely imitates the mechanical properties of living tissue, and can simultaneously deliver electric impulses and drugs which activate cells.

The implant is made of silicon and covered with gold electric conducting tracks that can be pulled and stretched. The electrodes are made of silicon and platinum microbeads which can also bend in any direction without breaking.

Writing in the journal Science, where the results were published, science writer Robert Service said: "Soft flexible nerves connected to unyielding silicon and metal - the combination has spawned many a Hollywood cybord.

"The implants Lacour’s team created still have to be wired to the out- side world to operate, but she and her colleagues are designing wireless versions of the technology. Watch out, Hollywood, reality is catching up."

The research was praised by British scientists.

“The work described here is a groundbreaking achievement of technology, which could open a door to a new era in treatment of neuronal damage,” said Dr Dusko Ilic, Reader in Stem Cell Science at King's College London.

“Until now, the most advanced prostheses in intimate contact with the spinal cord caused quite substantial damage to tissue in just one week due to their stiffness.

“There is still a long way to go before we may see any practical use of such neuroprostheses in humans. But it may be that it is something that could potentially be developed for use in humans in the foreseeable future.”

Prof John Hunt, Head of Unit of Clinical Engineering, University of Liverpool, added: “This study in rats is an interesting one and it could have the potential to be quite promising in terms of being applicable to people with spinal injuries.”

The implant has been primarily tested in cases of spinal cord injury in paralyzed rats but researchers believe it could eventually be used in epilepsy, Parkinson's disease and pain management.

The scientists are planning to move towards clinical trials in humans within the next few years.

The research was published in the journal Science.

Source: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/11333719/Cyborg-spinal-implant-could-help-paralysed-walk-again.html

Science Journal: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/347/6218/159.abstract

e-Dura - 'Cyborg' spinal implant finally available to help paralysed people walk again

Paralysed patients have been given new hope of recovery after rats with severe spinal injuries walked again through a ‘groundbreaking’ new cyborg-style implant. Researchers at the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne are hoping to move to clinical trials in humans soon. They believe that a device could last 10 years in humans before needing to be replaced.

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The croatian Hypercar RIMAC C_TWO will have unheard-of performance figures

Rimac Automobili is advancing towards full-scale production of the C_Two all-electric hypercar in 2021. The build of six pre-series vehicles begins at the Rimac facility in Veliko Trgovišće, Croatia.

The new production line in Croatia has already been used for the production of 12 experimental and validation prototype C_Two vehicles, used for the extensive testing program as well as validation and crash testing. Now, the six pre-series cars are basically production-spec C_Twos, with a fit and finish, driveability, and reliability that is nearly production-ready. Minor modifications are still possible as a consequence of final production inputs and durability and reliability testing.

The pre-series cars will be used for the final tweaks before full-scale production begins, dedicated to homologation tests, durability tests, trim experimentation, NVH tweaking, and global product evaluation.

Assembling each C_Two pre-series car takes around 8 weeks, cutting the production time in half compared to the “nest production” used before the production line was created and allowing for the build of four final vehicles a month at full capacity. The actual assembly of the cars takes five weeks, but the process starts three weeks earlier at Rimac, as a large number of components and systems are produced in-house and delivered to the final assembly line.

Custom jigs have been created to ensure that all components assembled elsewhere within the business, including the advanced 120kWh Rimac-designed-and-built, liquid-cooled battery, and Rimac powertrain, can be fitted seamlessly, quickly, and with consistently high standards.

The new production line is divided into five main zones, beginning with bonding all brackets and fixing points onto the monocoque. Two people in each following zone then continue to build up the car piece-by-piece, undertaking electronic checks, torque tightening, parts checks, and more before allowing the car to move on to the next production zone. On completion, each car’s wheel alignment is tuned to achieve the best performances, all cameras and sensors are calibrated, and a monsoon test is performed to ensure the absence of any water leak. The paint is checked for a perfect finish, gaps and flushes are measured for millimeter-precision, and all openings are checked to operate smoothly.

Once all static tests are complete, the pre-series cars undertake a dyno check, where the powertrain, producing 1,914hp, is tested along with the brakes. Then the pre-series cars head out for road testing as engineers check for wind noise and powertrain noise as well as any squeaks and rattles or unexpected vibrations.

“We’re creating an entirely new type of performance vehicle with the C_Two. After thousands of virtual simulation hours, years of design and engineering, and many rough and ready prototypes, it’s a very special feeling to see pre-series cars now making their way up our production line. This is the clearest sign yet that the C_Two is almost here, and we can’t wait to deliver the cars to our customers in 2021 and to showcase it all over the world.”

Mate Rimac, Founder and CEO

The Rimac C_Two promised a top speed of 258 mph (412 km/h), a 0-62mph (100km/h) time of under 2 seconds, and a 0-100 mph (161 km/h) time of 4.3 seconds when it was first revealed in 2018. These unheard-of performance figures were first set as hugely ambitious targets by the Rimac Automobili team. Yet, through the car’s extensive development and testing process, engineers have made sure to meet and exceed the set targets.

Source: https://www.rimac-automobili.com/

how will it be when we get back to school

when classes come back, everyone will have to wear a mask and take care of themselves. Recreation will be separate for each class to maintain social distance. We will have only one classroom and not several as we had. We also can't get too close to each other

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